Turbine



y 12, 1953 I A. DIETHELM 2,638,311

- mama Filed June 26. 1950 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 P T K K P L \T 2 L W W 5 c R R! m 10 v INVENTOR- usia ,Dze/%&/m

y 2 1953 A. DIETHELM 2,638,311

TURBINE Filed June 26, 1950 4 sheets sheet 2 III I May 12, 1953 mETHELM 2,638,311

TURBINE Filed June 26, 1950 -4 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

y 1953 A. DIETHELM 2,638,311

TURBINE Filed June 26, 1950 4v,Sheets-She et 4 m INVENTOR. f/0i: 212/ 56/27? w Patented May 12, 1953 OFFICE TURBINE Alois' Diethelm, Spokane, Wash. Animation June 26, 1950, Serial No. 170,413

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in a turbine" oi the jet type, wherein each rotor disc is provided with a series of laterally projectinglug's or blades disposed in an annular arrangement on the side face of the rotor disc, so", as to enter an arcuate groove in the side of an. injector head wherein a pair of oppositely disposed nozzles are'obliquely arranged to deliver two jets" of fluid simultaneously to each respective blade, in sequence asthe rotor turns.

This improved structure enables eachirijector head to be provided with an arcuate groove on each side, with a. pair of nozzles discharging intoeach groove, so that each injector head can accommodate two rotor" disc's hav'ihg' their hla'des' inwardly directed towards each other and traveling in grooves on opposite sides of the injector head. This also enables the blades of one rotor disc to be disposed. in staggered relation with those of the other, so" as; to afford. an even flow of power. I

The construction may be such that the direction of rotation can. he reversed. wheriever' desired, without any mechanical adjustments or changes.

According to the presentv invention; the-nozzles are disposed oblique to the tangent, in contra;- distinction to the convntidnal practiced! axial The invention provides a: greatly simplified construction, which can bequickly and easfly assembled and disassembled;

The accompanying drawings show a, preferred form and a modification olthe'inventi on having two rotors and two injector heads, each of which suppliesboth rotors.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a; vertical? section through a turbine embo dyingthe" invention;

Figure 2 shows a'vetticalsectiori the machine at right anglestor'igurer;

Figure 3' is an enlarged sectional reverse. the rotation of theturhifie rotor'by mere adjustment of valves; and; V Figure 8C is a-rragmentam along-g'thei'lirl'e' 8'-8 of Figure 7:

8 Claims. (Cl. 253 -51) 50- J ,v .i v

datethis assembly and d isassemhly a. unit;

In the preferred form or my invention; the base D made in the form of a casting an oontaiils an exhaust outlet E. This base" D is provided with a facing such as F which extends all the way around and upon which a casting C and injector head supports H and H are mounted. The casing C is provided with'bottom flanges in and top flanges ll, each of which are faced. The bottom flanges l-U seat on the racing F of the base D- and are bolted thereto as indicated. A cover U is provided with flanges t2: and these;- are facedsoas to seat on the top" flanges H of the casing C, to which theylare bolted as indicated.

As best seen in Figure 1, bearing boxes such as K -K. are supported u'po'n Webs" such as W--W which extend laterally from the casing C. Suitable bearings M- M' are provided, and the shaft S is journared in these hearings, which are on tirely outside the casin C and sufiiciently removed therefrom to avoid being overheated by steam Suitable oil rings such as L-L'- are pro-- vided; and: the shaft is held against end thrust by collar such as 'IL-T which are threaded ontothe shafit ariid each collar bears against" the flanged face of its respective hearing M. The shaft is provided with a suitable packing gland, such as the well known carhori rings as illustrated at li -PL The shaft S is provided with a central hub I5 which may be integral-therewith or else secured thereto any praeticaI manner such as keyed thellld illustrated at it inFigures '2' and 6.

corresponds in width to the width of the injector head siipports H and H and acts as a spacer element to hold the two rotors proper rela-fl ti'ori so-the iniector'head supports. These rotors have at central bore which fits; snugly upon the" ends of the hub l5 so that when the rotors are did-bolted, they can he" slidaloly moved longitudi nally of the hub it which is of suifici'erit lengtli' to enable the rotors tohe moved outwardly until their laterally proiecting blades Z- Z" are clear of the" supports. H and Hf, whereupon the shaft its" rotors can beilifted" out of the casing, C which is made" of sufilcient widthto accommojeotorhead supports H and" Hf are bolted to the base'D arid are of sufficient length to position;

the iniector needs N and" N with their nozzles rotors. As here shown, each of these injector heads N and N has an arcuate groove such as V which groove is concentric with the shaft S and has a width corresponding to the radial dimension of the laterally projecting blades Z of the rotor R which travel in the arcuate grooves V.

As shown in Figure 2, each of the injector heads N and N is provided with a pair of nozzles such as I and 2 which discharge into these arcuate grooves V. The opposite side of each injector head is also provided with an arcuate groove such as V, as indicated in Figures 3 and 6 and of course there is a pair of nozzles I and 2 discharging into each of these arcuate grooves in the same manner as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 illustrates the relationship of the noz zles I and 2 in the injector heads N and N with.

relation to the horizontal diameter of the rotors R and R. As here shown, the nozzle I is on the outer side of the blades Z and the nozzle 2 is on the inner side, and each of these two nozzles is disposed obliquely to the tangent at the point where it intersects the annular arrangement of the blades Z which form the buckets of the rotor. As here shown, these nozzles are set at such inclination that the jets therefrom do not intersect within the buckets. That is to say, that the point of intersection is below the horizontal diameter, and the blades Z are spaced apart just sufiiciently to close the nozzles by the time each blade passes the diameter. Thus it will be seen that two fluid jets are directed against each blade and in the general direction of rotation, and therefore thereis no end thrust upon the shafts.

The opposite side of the injector head N has a pair of nozzles 3 and II exactly the same as the pair just described, making four nozzles in the injector head, and these four nozzles are all fed by the same pipe in the manner illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4 where the pipe 5 opens into a cross channel I. The bore 6 connects the cross channel 1 with another channel 8. The cross channel supplies the two nozzles I and 3, and the cross channel 8 supplies the two nozzles 2 and 4, so that both of the rotors R and R are subjected to the flow of fluid through this same pipe 5.

The injector head N is the same as just described, except that its nozzles are directed upwardly towards the horizontal diameter in a manner similar to that just described. A separate pipe 9 supplies steam to this injector head H so that the paired rotors can be driven by either one or both of these injector heads, as occasion may require.

As indicated in Figure 3, each of the nozzles I, 2, 3 and 4 extends almost full width of the arcuate groove V or V so as to provide a jet almost as wide as the laterally projecting blades Z or Z of the rotors R and R. The heads N and N may be made in any suitable manner, but as show in Figures 3, 4 and 5, they are preferably formed from three separate pieces Na, Nb and No. The central portion Nb is formed with a pocket I8 to receive a reduced tip I9 on the supports 11-11. The portions Na and No are recessed to provide the cross channels I and 8 the nozzles I, 2, 3 and 4. The several parts are held in assembled position by two screw bolts 20.

Figures 1, 6 and 7 illustrate the staggered relation of the blades on the two rotors R and R. As here shown, the rotor R is mounted so that its blades Z are in staggered relation with the 4 blades Z of the rotor R. It will be seen from these figures that the blades are spaced apart an amount equal to their thickness, whereby the blades of one rotor will arrive at the jets, at the moment the blades of the other rotor leave the jets. This affords an even flow of power.

In some installations it may be desirable to have a reversible power unit Figures 7 and 8 illustrate how. my invention may be modified in a simple way to accomplish this. The rotors and their mountings remain the same. I provide two downwardly directed injector heads 0 and O of the same general construction as the heads N and N. For simplicity in assembly I connect them by.a yoke Y, which is hollow so that it may be used also to supply them with the motive fluid such as steam. Valves 22 and 23 are used to direct the fluid from an inlet pipe 24 to one or the other of the injector heads. The construction of the blades Z of the rotors is such that rotation in either direction is accomplished with the same efliciency. Of course, more injector heads may be used ior a pair of rotors as desired.

As is customary in this art, one end of the shaft S may be connected to a gear reduction unit and the other end of the shaft may be connected to' a suitable governor controlling the supply of fluid for operating the turbine, and these well known expedients need not be here shown.

In the operation of the invention, steam under pressure is supplied through the pipe 5 and bore 6 and is emitted from the paired nozzles I and 2 where it exerts a force against one of the blades Z to cause that rotor to revolve to the position illustrated in Figure 2; whereupon the next blade will close the nozzles i and 2 at the moment the nozzles 3 and 4 on the opposite side of the injector head are opened as a result of the staggered relation of the blades of one rotor relative to those of the other. Thus, while the nozzles 3 and 4 are feeding a blade of the rotor on that side of the injector head, the nozzles I and 2 remain closed, and while the nozzles i and 2 are feeding a blade of the rotor on that side of the injector head, the nozzles 3 and 4 remain closed. This alternately shifts the power from one rotor to another and precludes the pressure drop which would otherwise occur by feeding both rotors at once. This affords a uniformly constant drive force wherein the injector period of one rotor does not overlap that of the other. Thus it will be seen that this improved result is due to spacing the blades apart an amount equal to their thickness so that the closed period of the nozzles will be equal to the open period thereof, and also due to staggering the blades of one rotor relative to those of the other so as to afford a uniformly constant flow of power.

From an inspection of the drawings it will be seen that as soon as one blade arrives at the nozzles I and 2, the blade has left the arcuate groove in the injector head N and can discharge its steam into the casing so that it can pass out the exhaust E. It will be seen from Figure 1 that there is ample room between the two rotors for the steam to find its way to the exhaust E which is made of sufiicient size to adequately handle the flow.

The present disclosure is intended as an example and not in a limiting sense, and it will be understood that various embodiments of the invention can be construed within the scope of the distinguishing characteristics defined in the fol-' lowing claims.

I claim as my invention: I

1. A turbine comprising a casing, a pair of rotors secured in spaced apart relationupon a shaft and disposed within said casing, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inner side of each of said rotors having aseries of laterally projecting blades spaced. apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travelin the arcuate groove on its respective side of said injector head, said blades being spaced apart an amount equal to their thickness, each side of said injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one end of the arcuate groove thereof, said nozzles being directed away from the head and toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, said nozzles being disposed at an inclination toward each other which precludes the jets thereof from intersecting within one of the'spaces between said blades when discharging therein, the blades of one rotor being staggered with relation to those of the other rotor so as to present a space between the blades to the open nozzles in one groove while the nozzles in the other groove are closed by a blade, and a single inlet feeding all four of said nozzles.

2. A turbine comprising a casing, a pair of rotors secured in spaced apart relation upon a shaft and disposed within said casing, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inner side of each of said rotors having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove on its respective side of said injector head, each side of said injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one end of thereof, each nozzle being directed away from the head and toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, and a single steam inlet feeding all four of said nozzles.

3. A turbine comprising a casing, a pair of rotors secured in spaced apart relation upon a shaft and disposed within said casing, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inner side of each of said rotors having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove on its respective side of said injector head, each side of said injector head having a nozzle disposed at one end of the arcuate groove thereof, each nozzle being directed away from the head and toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, and fluid supply means for said nozzles.

4. In a turbine, a casing, a shaft, bearing supports for the shaft, a hub fixed to said shaft and extending substantially full width of said casing, a central enlarged portion upon said hub, a pair of rotors centered upon opposite ends of said hub and. bolted to said portion, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inthe arcuate groove her side of each of said rotors having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove on its re spective side of said injector head, said hub havingsufficie'nt length to accommodate the lateral movement necessary to remove said blades from said arcuate grooves so as to enable saidshaft and rotors to be lifted out of said casing as a unit.

5. In a turbine, a rotor fixed upon a shaft, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed alongside of said rotor, said injector head having an arcuate g'roo've concentric with said shaft, said rotor having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular ar rangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove of said injector, said blades being spaced apart an amount equal to their thickness circumferentially of the rotor, said injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one end of the arcuate groove thereof, said nozzle being directed away from the head and toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, said nozzles being disposed at an inclination which precludes the jets thereof from intersecting within one of the spaces between said blades when discharging therein, and a fluid supply means for said nozzles.

6. A turbine comprising a casing, a pair of rotors secured in spaced apart relation upon a shaft and disposed within said casing, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inner side of each of said rotors having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove on its respective side of said injector head, said blades being spaced apart circumferentially of the rotor an amount equal to their thickness, each side of said injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one end of and directed away from the head and directed toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, the blades of one rotor being staggered with relation to those of the other rotor so as to present a space between the blades to the open nozzles in one groove while the nozzles in the other groove are closed by a blade, and a single inlet feeding all four of said nozzles.

7. In a turbine, a rotor fixed upon a shaft, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed alongside of said rotor, said injector head having an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, said rotor having a series of laterally projecting rectangular blades disposed in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove of said injector head, said blades being spaced apart to form buckets having three sides open until closed by entering said arcuate groove, said injector head having a nozzle disposed at one end of the arcuate groove thereof and directed away from the head to encounter a receding face of a blade emerging from the groove.

8. A turbine comprising a casing, a pair of rotors secured in spaced apart relation upon a shaft and disposed within said casing, bearing supports for said shaft, an injector head disposed between said rotors, said injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, the inner side of each of said rotors having a series of laterally projecting blades spaced apart in an annular arrangement concentric with said shaft so as to travel in the arcuate groove on its respective side of said injector head, each side of said injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one end of the arcuate groove thereof, said nozzles being directed away from the head and toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, and a single inlet feeding all four of said nozzles, a second injector head having in each of its opposite sides an arcuate groove concentric with said shaft, in which said blades also travel, each side of said second injector head having a pair of nozzles disposed at one 8 end of the arcuate groove thereof, said last named nozzles being directed away from said last named head toward the receding face of a blade emerging from the groove in the head, and in the opposite direction, circumferentially of the rotors, to the first named nozzles, an inlet feeding the last named nozzles and individual control means for said inlets.

ALOIS DIETHELM.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 547,667 Kales Oct. 8, 1895 803,595 Hofmann Nov. 7, 1905 

